75th anniversary of death - Austria / II. Republic of Austria 1981 - 3 Shilling

Ludwig Eduard Bolzmann was born on 20 February 1844 in Vienna. At the age of 19, he began studying mathematics and physics at the University of Vienna, where he completed his doctorate three years later. Already at the age of 25, 1869, Ludwig Bolzmann was appointed Full Professor of Mathematical Physics at the University of Graz. In the years 1869 and 1871 followed short research stays in Heidelberg and Berlin. From 1876 to 1890 he developed his ideas about the statistical nature of atomic mechanics. In 1887 he became rector of the University of Graz. In 1890 he followed a call to the Chair of Theoretical Physics at the University of Munich. He was one of the founders of kinetic gas theory. The results of his scientific work, such as the "Bolzmann constant", the "Bolzmann equation" or the "Stefan-Bolzmann's law" were milestones in the development of modern physics. In Bolzmann's philosophical considerations questions of scientific theory, the objective existence of processes in inanimate nature, and a critical examination of progress in culture and technology played an important role. His thoughts were essential to the later developments, which then resulted in the context of quantum mechanics. He died on September 5, 1906.